In fiber optics, polarization-maintaining optical fiber (PMF or PM fiber) is optical fiber in which the polarization of linearly-polarized light waves launched into the fiber is maintained during propagation, with little or no cross-coupling of optical power between the polarization modes. Such fiber is used in special applications where preserving polarization is essential.
Several different designs of PM fiber are used. Most work by inducing stress in the core via a non-circular cladding cross-section, or via rods of another material included within the cladding. Several different shapes of rod are used, and the resulting fiber is sold under brand names such as “Panda” and “Bow-tie”.
Polarization-maintaining optical fibers are used in special applications, such as in fiber optic sensing, interferometer and quantum key distribution. They are also commonly used in telecommunications for the connection between a source laser and a modulator, since the modulator requires polarized light as input.
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